我们总以为自己的判断客观理性，然而心理学研究表明，人脑天生带着各种各样的“认知偏差”。
We like to assume our judgments are objective and rational, yet psychological research shows the human brain comes equipped with all sorts of "cognitive biases."
所谓认知偏差，是指思维在处理信息时出现的系统性偏离。
A cognitive bias is a systematic deviation that occurs when the mind processes information.
举个常见的例子：买了某个品牌的车之后，你会突然发现满街都是同款车。
Here is a common example: after buying a car of a certain brand, you suddenly notice the same model everywhere on the street.
这并不是车变多了，而是你的注意力被“确认偏差”牵引，只看见支持自己选择的证据。
It is not that there are suddenly more of those cars; rather, your attention is being pulled by "confirmation bias," so you only see evidence that supports your own choice.
又如，人们往往高估自己的水平，越是无知的人，反而越自信，这被称为“达克效应”。
Another example: people tend to overestimate their own ability, and paradoxically, the more ignorant a person is, the more confident they tend to be — the so-called "Dunning-Kruger effect."
认知偏差之所以难以克服，是因为它运行在意识之外，我们察觉不到自己正被它左右。
The reason cognitive biases are so hard to overcome is that they operate outside our awareness; we cannot perceive that we are being swayed by them.
好消息是，偏差虽然无法彻底消除，却可以通过训练来削弱：多问一句“我有没有可能错了”，主动寻找相反的证据。
The good news is that although biases can never be fully eliminated, they can be weakened through practice: ask yourself one more question — "Could I be wrong?" — and actively look for evidence against your view.
承认自己会犯错，并不丢人；真正危险的，是对自身的盲点一无所知。
Admitting that you can be wrong is nothing to be ashamed of; what is truly dangerous is knowing nothing about your own blind spots.
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Key words 生词
认知rènzhīcognition; cognitive
偏差piānchābias; deviation
系统性xìtǒngxìngsystematic
高估gāogūto overestimate
察觉chájuéto perceive; to become aware of
盲点mángdiǎnblind spot
Grammar note 语法点
所谓…，是指…
A formal defining pattern: 'what is called A refers to B'. Essays use it to introduce and then define a technical term. 例：所谓内卷，是指无意义的过度竞争。
所谓认知偏差，是指思维在处理信息时出现的系统性偏离。 — A cognitive bias is a systematic deviation that occurs when the mind processes information.
并不是…，而是…
An emphatic correction: 'it is by no means A; rather, it is B'. 并 strengthens the negation, often countering what the reader might assume.
这并不是车变多了，而是你的注意力被“确认偏差”牵引。 — It is not that there are more of those cars; rather, your attention is being pulled by confirmation bias.
越是…，(反而)越…
'The more A, the more B' — 越是 fronts the condition for emphasis, and 反而 adds a note of paradox when the result is the opposite of what one would expect.
越是无知的人，反而越自信。 — Paradoxically, the more ignorant a person is, the more confident they tend to be.
Check yourself 小测验
1. According to the text, what really happens after you buy a car of a certain brand?
2. Why are cognitive biases so hard to overcome?
3. What does the text suggest for weakening one's biases?
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